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#columns:word	meaning	example
# academic (NAWL): 954 kelime
# alfabetik
# Browne, C., Culligan, B. and Phillips, J. New Academic Word List, CC BY-SA 4.0
abdominal	腹部的	The doctor checked her for abdominal pain.
absorb	吸收	The towel can absorb a lot of water quickly.
absorption	吸收	Plants need water for the absorption of minerals.
accelerate	加速	The car began to accelerate as the road opened up.
acceleration	加速，加速度	The acceleration of the train pushed us back in our seats.
accent	口音	She speaks English with a strong French accent.
accumulate	积累	Dust began to accumulate on the shelves we never cleaned.
accumulation	积累	A thick accumulation of snow blocked the front door.
accuracy	准确性	The report was praised for its accuracy and detail.
accurately	准确地	The map shows the route accurately for hikers.
acid	酸	The scientist handled the acid carefully in the lab.
acidic	酸性的	The soil here is too acidic for most vegetables.
activate	激活	You need a code to activate the new card.
actively	积极地	She is actively looking for a new job right now.
acute	急性的，敏锐的	The doctor treated her for acute back pain.
adaptation	改编，适应	The film is an adaptation of a famous novel.
adaptive	适应性的	The car has an adaptive system that adjusts the lights.
adjacent	邻近的	Our office is adjacent to the train station.
admission	准入，承认	Admission to the museum is free on Sundays.
adolescent	青少年	The book was written for adolescents aged twelve to sixteen.
adverse	不利的	The medicine can cause adverse effects in rare cases.
aerosol	气雾剂，喷雾	The paint comes in an aerosol can.
aesthetic	美学的	They redesigned the lobby for aesthetic reasons.
affirm	肯定，断言	The manager affirmed that the project would continue.
afterward	之后	We had dinner and went to the cinema afterward.
aggregate	总计，集合体	The aggregate of all the votes showed a clear winner.
agriculture	农业	Agriculture remains the main industry in this small country.
airplane	飞机	The airplane landed at the airport.
algebra	代数	We used algebra to find the value of x.
algorithm	算法	The search engine uses a new algorithm to rank pages.
alien	外星人，外国人	The film is about an alien who lands in a small town.
alliance	联盟	The two nations formed an alliance during the war.
allocate	分配	The city will allocate more money to public parks.
allocation	分配	The allocation of funds to each school was announced today.
altitude	海拔，高度	The plane cruised at a high altitude over the mountains.
aluminum	铝	The can is made from recycled aluminum.
amino	氨基的	Protein in our food is built from amino acids.
amongst	在...之中	The old letter was found amongst her grandmother's belongings.
amplitude	振幅	The amplitude of the wave grew during the storm.
analogy	类比	The teacher used a simple analogy to explain gravity.
ancestor	祖先	My ancestor moved to this country long ago.
anthropology	人类学	She majored in anthropology at university.
anti	反对的	He wore an anti war badge on his jacket.
antibiotic	抗生素	The doctor gave her an antibiotic for the infection.
antibody	抗体	The test looks for a specific antibody in the blood.
antiquity	古代	The museum displays pottery from classical antiquity.
appendix	附录	The full data appears in the appendix of the report.
applause	掌声	Loud applause filled the theater after the final scene.
apple	苹果	She ate a red apple for a snack.
approximate	大约的	Give me an approximate time when the package will arrive.
approximation	近似值	The number is only an approximation of the real total.
arbitrary	任意的，武断的	The choice of colors felt arbitrary rather than planned.
archaeology	考古学	She studies archaeology and works at ancient sites.
architect	建筑师	The architect designed a modern glass office tower.
array	一系列，阵列	The shop offers a wide array of fresh fruit.
arrow	箭，箭头	Follow the arrow on the sign to find the exit.
articulate	清楚表达	She struggled to articulate exactly how she felt.
artifact	手工制品，文物	Archaeologists uncovered a rare artifact from the ancient city.
artificial	人造的	The flowers on the table are artificial, not real.
artistic	艺术的	Her artistic talent was obvious from a very young age.
artwork	艺术作品	The children hung their artwork on the classroom wall.
aspect	方面	Safety is an important aspect of the new design.
assembly	集会，组装	The whole school gathered for the morning assembly.
assert	断言，主张	She firmly asserted her right to speak during the meeting.
assignment	任务，作业	Students must submit the assignment by Friday afternoon.
athletic	运动的，健壮的	He has an athletic build from years of training.
atom	原子	An atom is the smallest part of matter.
atomic	原子的	The country built its first atomic power plant decades ago.
auction	拍卖	The painting sold for a high price at the auction.
audio	音频的	The lesson comes with an audio recording.
audit	审计	The company faced a full audit after the complaint.
authority	权力，当局	The manager has the authority to approve new hires.
autonomy	自治，自主	The region was given greater autonomy last year.
availability	可用性	Check room availability before booking your trip.
axiom	公理	It is an axiom of economics that demand affects price.
axis	轴	The Earth spins on its axis once every day.
backward	向后地	She glanced backward to check if anyone was following.
bacteria	细菌	Hot water and soap kill most bacteria.
bacterial	细菌的	The doctor said it was a bacterial infection.
bang	巨响，猛击	The door closed with a loud bang in the wind.
bargain	便宜货	I found a real bargain at the sale today.
barrel	桶	The wine was aged for years in an oak barrel.
basin	盆，流域	She filled the basin with warm water to wash dishes.
bat	球棒，蝙蝠	He hit the ball with a bat.
beam	光束，横梁	A beam of sunlight came through the kitchen window.
behavioral	行为的	The class helps children with behavioral problems.
bilingual	双语的	Their children are raised bilingual, speaking English and Spanish.
binary	二进制的	Computers store all data in binary form.
biodiversity	生物多样性	The old forest is rich in biodiversity.
biologist	生物学家	The biologist studies fish in the cold lake.
biology	生物学	We are learning about cells in biology class today.
bizarre	怪异的	They told a bizarre story about lights in the sky.
blank	空白的	Please leave this line blank.
bleed	流血	His knee began to bleed after the bicycle fell.
bodily	身体的	The doctor checked her bodily functions.
bonus	奖金	She received a bonus for her great work.
bound	一定会的，前往的	The delayed train is bound for the central station.
bracket	支架，括号	The shelf is held up by a metal bracket.
breakdown	故障，崩溃	The train delay was caused by a mechanical breakdown.
broadly	大体上	Broadly speaking, the plan received support from most staff.
bubble	气泡	The children laughed as they blew soap bubbles outside.
bucket	水桶	He filled the bucket with water.
bulk	大部分，体积	The bulk of the work is already finished.
bullet	子弹	The bullet hit the wall and left a mark.
bundle	捆，束	She carried a bundle of old newspapers to the bin.
calcium	钙	Milk and cheese are rich in calcium.
calculation	计算	His calculation of the total was wrong by ten dollars.
calculator	计算器	She used a calculator to check her math homework quickly.
calculus	微积分	He studies calculus in his first university year.
campus	校园	There is a big library on the university campus.
capillary	毛细血管	Blood moves slowly through each tiny capillary.
capitalism	资本主义	Under capitalism, most companies are privately owned.
capitalist	资本主义的	Most capitalist countries rely on free markets.
carrier	运输公司，携带者	The airline is the country's main carrier for cargo.
cattle	牛，牲畜	The farmer moved his cattle to a fresh pasture.
censor	审查，删改	The government censored parts of the newspaper.
characterization	人物塑造	The novel is praised for its rich characterization.
cheat	作弊，欺骗	He was caught trying to cheat on the final exam.
cheers	干杯	Cheers, everyone, and happy new year!
chemistry	化学	She studies chemistry at the university every afternoon.
chemotherapy	化疗	She started chemotherapy treatment right after the diagnosis.
chess	国际象棋	My grandfather taught me how to play chess.
chloride	氯化物	Table salt is sodium chloride.
chromosome	染色体	Each human cell has forty six chromosomes.
chronic	慢性的	She takes medicine for a chronic illness.
chunk	大块	He tore off a large chunk of bread for the soup.
cinema	电影院	We watched a new film at the cinema.
circa	大约	The old church was built circa 1500.
circulate	循环，流传	Rumors began to circulate about the company's closure.
circulation	循环，发行量	Exercise improves blood circulation throughout the body.
civilization	文明	Historians study how ancient civilization shaped modern culture.
clarify	澄清，阐明	Could you clarify what you meant by that comment?
classification	分类	The scientist proposed a new classification for the insect species.
classify	分类	Scientists classify animals according to shared physical features.
classroom	教室	The teacher walked into the classroom.
clay	黏土	The children made small bowls out of wet clay.
clever	聪明的	That was a clever way to solve the problem.
client	客户	The lawyer met with a new client this morning.
clinic	诊所	She visited the local clinic for a routine checkup.
clip	剪辑，回形针	He shared a short clip from the concert online.
clone	克隆	Scientists were able to clone the sheep successfully.
closure	关闭	The factory closure left hundreds of workers unemployed.
clue	线索	The detective found a clue near the window.
coefficient	系数	In this formula the coefficient of x is three.
cognitive	认知的	The therapy focuses on improving cognitive function.
coherent	连贯的	She gave a coherent explanation despite being nervous.
collective	集体的	The decision was a collective one by the whole team.
colonial	殖民地的	The old town still has many colonial buildings from that era.
colony	殖民地	The island was once a colony of Spain.
comma	逗号	Remember to put a comma before the word 'but'.
commentary	评论，解说	The radio commentary made the match exciting.
commodity	商品，大宗商品	Oil remains one of the world's most traded commodities.
commonly	通常地，普遍地	This herb is commonly used in Italian cooking.
communicative	善于交流的	The teacher used communicative activities to build speaking confidence.
communist	共产主义的	The country had a communist government for forty years.
compact	紧凑的	The kitchen is compact but very practical.
comparable	可比的	The two houses are comparable in size.
comparative	比较级	Bigger is the comparative form of the word big.
compensate	补偿	The airline agreed to compensate passengers for the delay.
competence	能力	The manager showed great competence in handling the crisis.
competent	能干的	She is a competent driver with years of experience.
complement	补充，搭配	The sauce is a perfect complement to the grilled fish.
complication	复杂情况，并发症	A small complication delayed the flight.
comply	遵守	All employees must comply with the safety regulations.
composer	作曲家	Mozart is a famous composer of classical music.
composite	复合的	The bridge is built from a light composite material.
comprehension	理解力	The exam included a reading comprehension section.
computation	计算	The computation of the total took several minutes.
conceive	构想，设想	She conceived a brilliant idea for the new product.
conception	概念，构想	His conception of freedom differed greatly from hers.
conceptual	概念的	The design is still at a conceptual stage.
conditional	有条件的	The job offer is conditional on passing a background check.
conduction	传导	Metal spoons get hot through the conduction of heat.
cone	圆锥	She scooped ice cream into a crispy waffle cone.
configuration	配置，布局	The configuration of the desks makes the room feel small.
confine	限制，禁闭	The doctor confined the patient to bed for a week.
confound	使困惑，混淆	The strange results confound the experts.
congruent	全等的，一致的	The two triangles are congruent in shape and size.
connector	连接器	The cable needs a small connector at each end.
connotation	含义，内涵	The word cheap carries a negative connotation.
conscious	有意识的，清醒的	The patient remained conscious throughout the entire procedure.
consciousness	意识	The patient slowly regained consciousness after the surgery.
consensus	共识	The committee reached a consensus after hours of debate.
consent	同意	The doctor needed the patient's consent before starting treatment.
conservation	保护，保存	The group works on the conservation of endangered forests.
conserve	节约，保护	We should conserve water during the summer drought.
consonant	辅音	The letter 'b' is a consonant, not a vowel.
constitution	宪法	The new constitution guarantees freedom of the press.
constrain	限制，约束	A small budget constrained what the team could build.
consultation	咨询，会诊	The doctor scheduled a consultation for the following week.
consumption	消费，消耗	Water consumption rises sharply during the summer months.
container	容器	She poured the soup into a plastic container.
continent	大陆，洲	Africa is a huge continent with many countries.
continuity	连续性	The company values continuity in its leadership team.
contour	轮廓，等高线	The map shows the contour of the hills.
contradict	反驳，矛盾	His new statement seemed to contradict what he said yesterday.
contradiction	矛盾	There was a clear contradiction between his two stories.
contradictory	矛盾的	The witnesses gave contradictory accounts of the accident.
contrary	相反的	Contrary to the forecast, the weather turned out sunny.
controversy	争议	The new policy sparked controversy among local residents.
converge	汇聚	The two roads converge near the old bridge.
convergence	汇聚，趋同	The convergence of the two rivers forms a wide lake.
coordinate	协调	Two teachers coordinate the school trip.
coordination	协调	Good coordination between the two teams saved time.
cord	绳，电线	The lamp cord is too short for this wall.
coronary	冠状的	He was treated for coronary disease last spring.
corpus	语料库	Linguists analyzed the corpus of medieval manuscripts.
correction	更正，修正	The teacher made a small correction to his essay.
correctly	正确地	Make sure you spell her name correctly.
correlate	相关项	Income level is a strong correlate of health outcomes.
correlation	相关性	Researchers found a correlation between sleep and memory.
correspondence	通信，信件往来	They kept up a regular correspondence for over a decade.
corruption	腐败	The new leader promised to fight corruption in government.
cortex	皮质	The outer cortex of the brain controls thinking.
credibility	可信度	The scandal damaged the senator's credibility completely.
criteria	标准	The scholarship has strict eligibility criteria.
critically	批判性地，严重地	The reviewer critically examined every detail of the film.
critique	评论，批评	Her critique of the novel was fair and detailed.
crude	粗糙的，粗俗的	He made a crude joke that offended several guests.
crystal	晶体	Salt forms small crystals as the water dries.
cue	提示，信号	The music was the cue for the dancers to start.
cure	治愈方法	Scientists are still searching for a cure for the disease.
curriculum	课程，教学大纲	The school added coding to its high school curriculum.
cyclic	循环的	Fashion follows a cyclic pattern and old styles return.
cylinder	圆柱，气缸	Water was poured into a tall glass cylinder.
damp	潮湿的	The basement felt cold and damp after the heavy rain.
deadline	截止日期	The deadline for submitting applications is next Friday.
decay	腐烂，衰败	The abandoned house began to decay after years of neglect.
deceive	欺骗	He tried to deceive the customers with false claims.
defect	缺陷	The phone had a small defect in the screen.
deficiency	缺乏，不足	The tired patient was diagnosed with an iron deficiency.
definite	明确的，确定的	We still need a definite answer by tomorrow morning.
deflection	偏转	The goal came from a lucky deflection off the defender.
degrade	使退化，贬低	Pollution continues to degrade the local water supply.
deliberately	故意地	She deliberately ignored his calls for the whole week.
delta	三角洲	The river forms a wide delta before it reaches the sea.
demonstrator	示范者，示威者	A demonstrator showed us how the new machine works.
denominator	分母	In the fraction three over four, four is the denominator.
denote	表示，指示	A red flag on the beach denotes dangerous conditions.
dense	密集的，浓厚的	The hikers got lost in the dense forest.
dependence	依赖	The country wants to reduce its dependence on oil.
depict	描绘	The mural depicts the history of the small town.
derivative	衍生物	The medicine is a derivative of a common plant.
descendent	后代	He is a descendent of the family that built this house.
descriptor	描述符	Each file has a short descriptor that explains its contents.
destination	目的地	Paris is a popular destination for tourists in summer.
detection	检测	Early detection of the illness saves lives.
developmental	发展的	The child passed every developmental stage on time.
deviation	偏差	Any deviation from the plan must be reported.
diagnose	诊断	The doctor was able to diagnose the problem quickly.
diagnosis	诊断	The doctor gave a clear diagnosis after the tests.
diagnostic	诊断的	The garage ran a diagnostic test on the engine.
diagram	图表	The diagram shows how the engine parts fit together.
dialect	方言	Her grandmother speaks an old village dialect.
diameter	直径	The pipe has a diameter of ten centimeters.
diary	日记	She writes in her diary every single night.
dictate	口述，命令	The manager dictated a letter to her assistant.
dictionary	字典	I looked up the word in a dictionary.
differential	差额，差异	There is a large pay differential between the two jobs.
differentiate	区分	Babies soon learn to differentiate familiar voices.
differentiation	区分，差异化	Clear differentiation between the two products helped sales.
diffusion	扩散	Heat spreads through the metal by diffusion.
dilemma	困境，两难	He faced a dilemma about which job offer to accept.
dilute	稀释	Dilute the juice with water before you drink it.
dimensional	维的，尺度的	The software creates three-dimensional images of the building.
dioxide	二氧化物	Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
directive	指令	The staff received a directive from head office.
disability	残疾	The building has ramps for people with a disability.
disadvantage	缺点	One disadvantage of living downtown is the noise.
discharge	排放，出院	The nurse prepared the patient's discharge paperwork this morning.
discourse	话语，论述	Public discourse about climate change has grown louder.
discrete	离散的，独立的	The course is divided into six discrete units.
discrimination	歧视	The law protects workers from age discrimination.
displacement	流离失所，位移	The war caused the displacement of thousands of families.
dissection	解剖	The dissection revealed how the organs were connected.
dissertation	论文	She is writing her dissertation on ancient coins.
dissolve	溶解	Sugar will dissolve quickly in hot water.
distribution	分配	The company controls the distribution of its products.
disturbance	骚乱，干扰	Police were called to a disturbance in the street.
diverse	多样的	The city has a diverse population from many countries.
domain	领域	Space travel was once the domain of a few countries.
dominance	支配，优势	The team kept its dominance in the league for years.
dominant	占主导地位的	English remains the dominant language in global business.
domination	支配，统治	The empire sought domination over the entire region.
donor	捐赠者	A blood donor can save several lives.
dose	剂量	The doctor prescribed a small dose of antibiotics.
drain	排水管，下水道	Hair clogged the drain in the bathroom sink.
drift	漂流	The empty boat drifted slowly down the river.
duration	持续时间	The flight's duration was almost eleven hours.
dye	染料	She used a natural dye to color the fabric.
dynamic	充满活力的，动态的	She has a dynamic personality that energizes the whole team.
ecological	生态的	The oil spill caused serious ecological damage.
ecology	生态学	She is studying ecology at the university.
economically	经济上，节约地	The town grew economically after the port opened.
economist	经济学家	The economist predicted a slow recovery next year.
effectiveness	有效性	Studies confirmed the effectiveness of the new vaccine.
elaborate	精心制作的	They planned an elaborate wedding with hundreds of guests.
elastic	松紧带，橡皮筋	The waistband uses elastic to stay comfortably in place.
elasticity	弹性	The rubber band lost its elasticity over time.
electron	电子	An electron carries a negative electric charge.
elementary	初级的，基础的	She teaches at an elementary school.
elevate	提升，抬高	The surgeon told him to elevate his injured leg.
elevation	海拔，高度	The town sits at an elevation of two thousand meters.
elimination	消除，淘汰	The team lost and faced elimination from the tournament.
elite	精英	Only the elite could afford tickets to the gala.
embed	嵌入，植入	The reporter was embedded with troops during the war.
emergence	出现，兴起	The emergence of new technology changed the industry quickly.
emission	排放	The new law limits the emission of harmful gases.
emit	发出，排放	The old lamp emits a soft yellow light.
emperor	皇帝	The emperor ruled over a vast territory for decades.
empirical	经验的，实证的	The claim needs empirical evidence from real tests.
encode	编码	The system encodes your password before saving it.
enforcement	执行，执法	Stricter enforcement of speed limits reduced accidents.
enormously	极大地	The new policy enormously improved public transport reliability.
entity	实体	The school is a separate legal entity from the church.
entrant	参赛者	Every entrant in the race received a number.
enzyme	酶	An enzyme in your stomach helps break down food.
epidemic	流行病	The city closed its schools during the flu epidemic.
epidemiology	流行病学	She studies epidemiology and tracks how diseases spread.
equality	平等	The movement fights for equality between all citizens.
equilibrium	平衡	The economy slowly returned to equilibrium after the crisis.
equivalence	等价，等值	The teacher explained the equivalence between the two formulas.
erase	擦掉，删除	He tried to erase the pencil marks from the page.
essence	本质	Kindness is the essence of true friendship.
essentially	本质上，基本上	Essentially, the two proposals aim to achieve the same goal.
estimation	估计，判断	In my estimation, the project will take another month.
ethical	道德的	The company faced questions about its ethical business practices.
ethics	伦理，道德准则	The class studies the ethics of medical research.
evident	明显的	It was evident from her smile that she was happy.
evolutionary	进化的	Birds developed wings through a long evolutionary process.
ex	前任	She still talks to her ex about their old friends.
execute	执行，处决	The team worked hard to execute the plan flawlessly.
execution	执行，处决	The execution of the project took several months longer.
exit	出口	The nearest exit is at the back of the theater.
expertise	专业知识	We need someone with expertise in tax law.
explicit	明确的	She gave explicit instructions about the deadline.
explicitly	明确地	The contract explicitly forbids sharing the files.
exploit	剥削，利用	Some companies exploit workers by paying very low wages.
exponential	指数的，急速增长的	The city saw exponential growth in its population.
fabric	织物，布料	She chose a soft cotton fabric for the new curtains.
facet	方面	We discussed every facet of the problem.
facilitate	促进，使便利	New software can facilitate communication between remote teams.
factorial	阶乘	The factorial of four is twenty four.
faculty	学院，能力	The medical faculty accepted only a small number of students.
fatigue	疲劳	After the double shift, deep fatigue set in immediately.
feedback	反馈	The teacher gave detailed feedback on every student's essay.
fertility	肥沃，生育力	Farmers add compost to improve the fertility of the soil.
fetal	胎儿的	The doctor checked the fetal heartbeat.
fever	发烧	The child has a fever today.
fiber	纤维	Whole grains contain plenty of fiber that aids digestion.
fin	鱼鳍	The fish moved its tail fin slowly.
finite	有限的	The world has a finite supply of clean water.
flesh	肉，肌肤	The wound went deep enough to expose the flesh beneath.
flexibility	灵活性，柔韧性	Yoga can greatly improve your flexibility over time.
flip	翻转	He decided to flip the pancake before it burned.
fluid	流动的，易变的	The situation remains fluid, so plans might change quickly.
flux	变动，流量	The market is in a state of flux this month.
footnote	脚注	The author added a footnote explaining the unfamiliar term.
formally	正式地	The mayor formally opened the new library yesterday.
formulation	制定，配方	The formulation of the new plan took several months.
forum	论坛	She asked her question in an online forum.
fossil	化石	They discovered a dinosaur fossil buried in the cliff.
fraction	一小部分，分数	Only a fraction of the students passed the exam.
fracture	骨折，裂缝	The x-ray showed a small fracture in her wrist.
freely	自由地	Citizens can freely express their opinions in public.
friction	摩擦	Friction between the tires and the road slows the car.
fringe	边缘	They live on the fringe of the city, near the fields.
fundamentally	根本上	The two plans are fundamentally different.
fungus	真菌	A white fungus was growing on the damp wall.
fusion	融合	The band's music is a fusion of jazz and rock.
gauge	估量，测量	It was hard to gauge how the crowd felt.
generalization	概括，一概而论	It's an unfair generalization to say all teenagers are lazy.
generalize	概括，一般化	It's risky to generalize about a whole country from one visit.
genetically	基因上地	The two brothers are genetically almost identical.
genetics	遗传学	She is studying genetics at university this year.
ghost	鬼，幽灵	The children were scared of the ghost story.
globalization	全球化	Globalization has made many goods cheaper around the world.
goat	山羊	The farmer keeps a goat and several chickens in the yard.
goodness	天哪	Goodness, I did not realize it was so late already.
goods	货物，商品	The truck delivered goods to the store every morning.
gradient	坡度，梯度	The road has a steep gradient near the top.
gram	克	The recipe calls for two hundred grams of flour.
grammatical	语法的	The sentence has one small grammatical mistake.
graph	图表	The graph shows how sales increased over five years.
grasp	理解，把握	She has a solid grasp of basic economics already.
gravity	重力	Gravity pulls the apple down to the ground.
grid	网格	The city streets form a neat grid.
gross	总的，令人作呕的	The restaurant's gross annual income exceeded two million dollars.
gut	肠道	Too much sugar can upset your gut.
habitat	栖息地	The forest is the natural habitat of many rare animals.
halfway	半路，中途	We stopped for coffee halfway to the airport.
handout	讲义，传单	The teacher gave every student a handout before the lecture.
harvest	收获，收成	Farmers celebrate a good harvest every autumn.
hawk	鹰	A hawk circled high above the empty field.
headquarter	总部设于	The bank is headquartered in a small town.
hedge	树篱	A tall hedge separated the two neighboring gardens.
helix	螺旋	The staircase curved upward in a perfect helix.
hepatitis	肝炎	The vaccine protects children against hepatitis.
herbicide	除草剂	The farmer sprayed herbicide to kill the weeds.
hierarchy	等级制度	In the army, everyone knows their place in the hierarchy.
hip	臀部	She rested her hand on her hip while she talked.
historically	历史上	Historically, this town was a small fishing port.
homework	家庭作业	I finished my homework before dinner.
horizon	地平线	The sun slowly disappeared below the horizon.
horizontal	水平的	Draw a horizontal line across the page.
hormone	荷尔蒙，激素	This hormone helps the body control sugar levels.
hydrogen	氢	Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen.
identical	完全相同的	The twins wore identical outfits to the school party.
identification	身份证明，识别	You must show identification before entering the government building.
ideology	意识形态	The party built its campaign around a strict ideology.
illusion	错觉，幻觉	The mirror creates the illusion of a larger room.
immune	免疫的	Vaccines help the body become immune to the disease.
impact	影响，冲击	The new law had a big impact on farmers.
implicit	含蓄的，隐含的	There was an implicit warning in his quiet voice.
importantly	更重要的是	More importantly, remember to lock the door.
impulse	冲动	She bought the dress on a sudden impulse.
incidence	发生率	The incidence of flu rises every winter.
incline	斜坡	The path has a steep incline near the top.
inclusion	包容，纳入	The school promotes the inclusion of children with disabilities.
incredible	难以置信的	The view from the mountain top was simply incredible.
incredibly	难以置信地	The exam was incredibly difficult for most of the students.
incumbent	现任者	The incumbent easily won reelection in November.
independently	独立地	The two scientists reached the same result independently.
indicator	指标	Sales are a good indicator of customer interest.
indifference	冷漠，漠不关心	Her indifference to the news surprised us all.
indigenous	本土的，原产的	These trees are indigenous to the island.
indirect	间接的	The flight took an indirect route because of the storm.
individually	分别地，逐个地	The teacher spoke to each child individually.
induce	引起，诱导	The medication is designed to induce deep sleep.
induction	入职培训，归纳法	New employees attend an induction on their first day.
industrialization	工业化	Industrialization changed the country in fifty years.
industrialize	使工业化	The country worked hard to industrialize after the war.
inequality	不平等	The report shows growing inequality between rich and poor.
inevitably	不可避免地	Prices inevitably rise when fuel becomes expensive.
infect	感染	The virus can infect people through close physical contact.
infectious	传染性的，有感染力的	Her infectious laughter made everyone in the room smile.
inference	推论	The detective made an inference based on the muddy footprints.
inferior	较差的，下级的	The cheap tools were clearly inferior to the old ones.
infinite	无限的	The night sky seemed infinite above the desert.
infinity	无穷，无限	The two lines seem to stretch to infinity.
influential	有影响力的	She became one of the most influential leaders of her generation.
informal	非正式的	The meeting had an informal atmosphere with no strict agenda.
inhibit	抑制	Cold weather inhibits the growth of these plants.
inhibition	抑制，拘束	After a while she lost her inhibition and started to dance.
initiate	启动，发起	The company initiated a new training program.
initiation	启动，开始	The initiation of the project was delayed by heavy rain.
inject	注射	The nurse injected the medicine into his arm.
injection	注射	The nurse gave the patient a quick flu injection.
innate	天生的，与生俱来的	Curiosity seems to be an innate trait in young children.
insect	昆虫	A tiny insect landed on my arm.
insert	插入	Insert your card into the machine.
instability	不稳定	Political instability kept tourists away.
instinct	本能	Her first instinct was to run toward the exit.
integral	不可或缺的	Trust is integral to any successful long term relationship.
integration	融合，整合	The merger required careful integration of both companies' systems.
intensity	强度	The intensity of the storm surprised everyone.
intensive	密集的，强化的	She took an intensive course to learn Spanish quickly.
interact	互动，交流	Children learn a lot when they interact with animals.
interestingly	有趣的是	Interestingly, the two letters were written on the same day.
interface	界面，接口	The app has a simple interface that anyone can use.
interfere	干涉，干扰	Please do not interfere with the children's private argument.
intermediate	中级的	She joined the intermediate class after finishing the basics.
interrupt	打断，中断	Please don't interrupt me while I'm on the phone.
interval	间隔	There is a short interval between the two lessons.
intervene	干预	A teacher intervened before the argument got worse.
interviewer	采访者，面试官	The interviewer asked many difficult questions.
invade	入侵	The army planned to invade the neighboring country.
invasion	入侵	The invasion of the country shocked the whole world.
inversion	倒置，倒装	The question uses an inversion of the normal word order.
invert	颠倒，倒置	Invert the cup and let the water run out.
ion	离子	Salt breaks into ions when it dissolves in water.
irrelevant	无关的	That detail is irrelevant to our decision.
irrigation	灌溉	The farm uses irrigation to water its dry fields.
jazz	爵士乐	He plays the saxophone in a jazz band.
junior	初级的，年少的	She just started as a junior manager at work.
justification	正当理由	There was no justification for such rude behavior.
kidney	肾	The doctor said his left kidney was healthy.
kilometer	千米，公里	The stadium is about one kilometer from here.
lab	实验室	The students tested the sample in the lab.
lateral	侧面的	The plant sends out lateral roots near the surface.
layout	布局	I like the layout of this magazine page.
leaf	叶子	A green leaf fell from the tree.
lecturer	讲师	The lecturer explained the theory using a simple diagram.
legend	传说，传奇人物	According to legend, a dragon once guarded this cave.
legitimate	合法的，正当的	She had a legitimate reason for missing the meeting.
leisure	闲暇，休闲	Reading is her favorite leisure activity.
lever	杠杆	He used a metal lever to lift the heavy stone.
lexical	词汇的	The book explains lexical choices in modern poetry.
liable	有责任的，可能的	The driver is liable for the damage to the fence.
lifestyle	生活方式	Eating well is part of a healthy lifestyle.
lifetime	一生	He collected stamps throughout his entire lifetime.
likelihood	可能性	There is a strong likelihood of rain this weekend.
likewise	同样地	He bowed politely, and she did likewise.
limb	肢体，树枝	She broke a limb after falling from the tree.
linear	线性的	The story follows a simple linear timeline.
linguistic	语言的	The country has great linguistic variety.
linguistics	语言学	She studies linguistics at the university.
liter	升	Please buy a liter of milk from the shop.
liver	肝脏	Alcohol can damage the liver over time.
locally	在当地	The vegetables in this shop are grown locally.
locus	位置，中心	The old city was the locus of the whole protest.
logical	合乎逻辑的	That seems like the most logical solution.
longitudinal	纵向的	The longitudinal study followed the children for ten years.
loop	环，循环	The road makes a wide loop around the lake.
lump	块	He put a lump of sugar in his tea.
lung	肺	Smoking can seriously damage your lungs.
machinery	机械	The farm bought new machinery this year.
magnetic	磁性的，有吸引力的	The singer has a magnetic presence on stage.
magnitude	大小，重要性	Nobody understood the magnitude of the problem at first.
mall	购物中心	We spent the afternoon shopping at the mall.
manipulate	操纵，操控	He tried to manipulate the results to favor his team.
manipulation	操纵	The report accused the firm of market manipulation.
manual	手动的	The factory still relies heavily on manual labor.
manuscript	手稿	The library keeps a manuscript from the tenth century.
marble	大理石，弹珠	The floor of the palace was made of white marble.
marginal	微小的，边缘的	The new update brought only marginal improvements in speed.
marker	记号笔，标记	She wrote the title with a black marker.
marrow	骨髓	Bone marrow makes new blood cells every day.
maternal	母亲的，母性的	She felt a strong maternal instinct toward the orphaned kitten.
mathematical	数学的	She solved the problem using a simple mathematical formula.
matrix	矩阵	The students learned to add numbers in a matrix.
maximize	最大化	We changed the desks to maximize space.
meaningful	有意义的	They had a meaningful conversation about their future plans.
mechanic	机械师	The mechanic fixed the car's engine in an hour.
mechanical	机械的	The clock has an old mechanical movement inside.
media	媒体	The story was covered widely by the media.
mediate	调解，斡旋	A neutral lawyer agreed to mediate the divorce settlement.
membrane	膜	A thin membrane covers the surface of the egg.
memorize	记住，背诵	Students had to memorize the poem for class.
mentor	导师	Her mentor gave her advice throughout her career.
mercury	汞，水银	The old thermometer was filled with mercury.
merge	合并	The two companies decided to merge into one.
messenger	信使	A messenger delivered the letter to the king.
metabolism	新陈代谢	Regular exercise can speed up your metabolism.
metaphor	隐喻	The poet used a metaphor to describe her sadness.
methodology	方法论	The paper describes the methodology in detail.
micro	微	The prefix micro means one millionth of a unit.
mid	中间的	The report is due in mid March.
migrate	迁移，迁徙	Many birds migrate south before winter.
migration	迁徙、移民	Scientists tracked the birds' migration across the continent.
millimeter	毫米	The screw is only three millimeters wide.
mineral	矿物质	This water contains many healthy minerals.
minimal	极少的，最小的	The repair caused minimal damage to the wall.
minimize	最小化，减到最少	We should minimize waste to help the environment.
minus	减去	Ten minus three equals seven.
missile	导弹	The military tested a new missile in the desert.
mobility	活动能力	The injury limited her mobility for several weeks.
modification	修改	The engineer suggested a small modification to the design.
mole	鼹鼠，痣	A mole dug a long tunnel under the lawn.
molecular	分子的	The lab studies the molecular structure of water.
molecule	分子	Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen molecules.
momentum	势头，动量	The campaign gained momentum after the TV interview.
monetary	货币的	The bank announced a change in monetary policy.
monkey	猴子	A small monkey climbed up the tree.
monopoly	垄断	One company had a monopoly on train tickets.
morality	道德	The novel raises questions about morality and justice.
morphological	形态的	The two plants show morphological differences in their leaves.
morphology	形态学	The class studies the morphology of English words.
mortality	死亡率	Better hospitals lowered child mortality in the region.
motif	主题，图案	A flower motif repeats across the whole carpet.
motive	动机	Police could not find a motive for the robbery.
multinational	跨国的	She works for a multinational company with offices in Asia.
multiply	乘、增多	Students learn to multiply numbers in third grade.
mutation	突变	A small mutation in the gene changed the flower's color.
myth	神话，谬见	The ancient myth explains how the world began.
naked	裸体的	The baby laughed while naked in the bath.
namely	即	Only one student passed, namely Ali.
nasty	令人厌恶的，恶劣的	He said something nasty and hurt her feelings.
nationalism	民族主义	The speech was full of strong nationalism.
neat	整洁的	Her desk was always neat and perfectly organized.
necessity	必需品	Clean water is a basic necessity for survival.
nest	巢	Two birds built a nest in the old tree.
neural	神经的	The brain sends messages along neural paths.
neuron	神经元	Each neuron sends signals to the next one.
neutral	中立的	Switzerland remained neutral during much of the war.
nicely	愉快地	She asked nicely if she could borrow the book.
niche	利基，细分市场	The startup found a profitable niche in eco-friendly packaging.
nitrogen	氮	Most of the air we breathe is nitrogen.
noble	高尚的、贵族的	He made a noble effort to help the wounded stranger.
node	节点	Each node in the network sends data to the next one.
noisy	吵闹的	The street outside our hotel was very noisy.
nominal	名义上的，象征性的	He pays a nominal rent of one dollar a year.
nonetheless	尽管如此	The trip was expensive; nonetheless, they enjoyed it.
nonlinear	非线性的	The film tells its story in a nonlinear way.
norm	常态，规范	Working from home has become the norm here.
notation	记号，符号体系	Musicians read the piece from standard notation.
novice	新手	As a novice, he still needs help with the machine.
nucleus	细胞核，原子核	The nucleus of the cell contains its genetic material.
null	无效的，零的	The contract became null after the deadline passed.
numerical	数字的	The results are listed in numerical order from lowest to highest.
nutrient	营养素	Leafy greens contain many nutrients the body needs.
objection	反对，异议	The lawyer raised an objection during the trial.
obscure	遮蔽，使模糊	Thick fog obscured the view of the mountains.
observer	观察者	An international observer monitored the election closely.
obtain	获得，取得	You must obtain a visa before traveling abroad.
occupation	职业	Please state your name and occupation here.
occurrence	发生，事件	Snow in April is a rare occurrence here.
offspring	后代，子女	Wolves fiercely protect their offspring from predators.
onset	开始，发作	He took the medicine at the onset of the illness.
onwards	向前，以后	From next Monday onwards, the shop opens earlier.
optical	光学的	The microscope uses a set of optical lenses.
optimal	最佳的	Morning is the optimal time for her to study.
optimum	最佳的	The plant grows best at the optimum temperature.
oral	口试	She was nervous before her French oral began.
organ	器官，风琴	The heart is the organ that pumps blood.
organism	生物，有机体	A tiny organism can be seen under the microscope.
orient	定位，使适应	The guide helped us orient ourselves with a map.
orientation	入职培训，定向	New employees attend an orientation on Monday.
oscillation	振荡，摆动	The oscillation of the pendulum kept a steady beat.
outer	外部的	The outer layer of the cake was chocolate.
outlet	插座、出口	She plugged the lamp into the wall outlet.
overhead	间接费用	The company cut overhead by moving to a smaller office.
overlap	重叠	There is some overlap between the two job roles.
overview	概述	The manager gave a quick overview of the project.
oxidize	氧化	Iron will oxidize and turn red if it stays wet.
oxygen	氧气	Plants release oxygen into the air during the day.
painful	痛苦的，疼痛的	Losing the match was painful for the whole team.
par	同等水平	Her work is on a par with the best in the class.
paradigm	范式	The discovery created a new paradigm in physics.
paradox	悖论	It is a paradox that fighting for peace often involves war.
parameter	参数	The engineers adjusted several parameters in the model.
parcel	包裹	A heavy parcel arrived for her this afternoon.
pardon	请再说一遍	Pardon, could you repeat that, please?
parental	父母的	The film requires parental guidance for young viewers.
parenthesis	圆括号	Put the date inside a parenthesis at the end of the line.
partial	部分的，偏袒的	The insurance only covered a partial refund of costs.
partially	部分地	The road is partially closed for repairs.
particle	微粒	A single dust particle floated through the beam of light.
partition	隔板，分割	A glass partition divides the two offices.
pathway	小路，途径	A narrow pathway led through the garden to the gate.
peasant	农民	Medieval peasants worked the lord's land for survival.
periodic	定期的	The machine needs periodic checks every six months.
peripheral	外围的，次要的	That question is peripheral to our main topic.
pest	害虫	This insect is a serious pest in rice fields.
pesticide	杀虫剂	The farmer sprayed pesticide on the young plants.
phenomenal	非凡的，惊人的	The young pianist gave a phenomenal performance last night.
philosopher	哲学家	The ancient Greek philosopher taught many famous students.
philosophical	哲学的，达观的	He took a philosophical approach to failure, learning from every mistake.
phonological	音系的	The two dialects show phonological differences in their vowels.
phosphate	磷酸盐	The fertilizer contains phosphate for stronger roots.
photographic	摄影的	The book has a photographic record of the war.
physically	身体上地	She felt physically tired after the long hike.
physician	医师，内科医生	The physician recommended more rest and plenty of fluids.
physics	物理学	She struggled with physics during her first year.
physiological	生理的	Stress causes measurable physiological changes in the body.
pi	圆周率（π）	Students learned to calculate a circle's area using pi.
planner	计划本，规划者	She writes every meeting in her planner.
plantation	种植园	His family owned a tea plantation in the hills.
plausible	似乎合理的	Her explanation for the delay sounded perfectly plausible.
plug	插头，塞子	He pushed the plug firmly into the wall socket.
plural	复数	Add an s to make the noun plural.
polar	极地的	Polar bears live on the ice in the far north.
pole	杆，极	He used a long pole to knock down the apples.
politically	政治上地	The country remains politically divided over the new law.
portfolio	作品集	The designer showed her portfolio at the interview.
portray	描绘，扮演	The film portrays the president as a reluctant hero.
portrayal	描绘，刻画	Critics praised her portrayal of the grieving mother.
positively	积极地，肯定地	The staff responded positively to the new schedule.
poster	海报	There is a poster of the band on his wall.
postgraduate	研究生的	She began postgraduate study after her first degree.
potassium	钾	Bananas contain a lot of potassium.
powder	粉末	She sprinkled powder sugar over the fresh pancakes.
practitioner	从业者	The clinic employs several experienced medical practitioners.
pragmatic	务实的	She took a pragmatic approach and fixed the cheapest problem first.
precede	先于，在……之前	A brief introduction will precede the main presentation.
precipitate	促成，加速	The bad news precipitated a sharp fall in prices.
precipitation	降水	Yearly precipitation in the desert is very low.
predator	捕食者	The lion is a powerful predator on the plains.
prediction	预测	His prediction about the match turned out to be correct.
predominantly	主要地	The village is predominantly farmland.
prejudice	偏见	The novel explores racial prejudice in the 1930s.
preliminary	初步的，预备的	The preliminary results suggested the new drug was effective.
presume	推测	I presume you have already eaten.
prevalence	流行程度，普遍性	Doctors are worried about the prevalence of diabetes.
prey	猎物	The eagle carried its prey back to the nest.
primer	底漆，入门书	Paint the wall with primer before the first color.
primitive	原始的	The tribe used primitive tools made of stone.
probe	探测器，调查	The space probe sent back images of the distant planet.
problematic	有问题的	The new rule is problematic for small shops.
processor	处理器	The new laptop has a faster processor.
productive	多产的，富有成效的	The meeting was short but very productive today.
productivity	生产率	The new software increased productivity in the office.
profound	深刻的	The book had a profound effect on my thinking.
progression	进展	The doctor watched the progression of the illness.
progressive	进步的，渐进的	The school follows a progressive teaching method.
projection	预测，投影	Sales projections for next year look much stronger than expected.
prominent	杰出的，突出的	A prominent scientist spoke at the conference yesterday.
pronounce	发音	It is hard to pronounce her name correctly.
proposition	主张，提议	The board rejected the merger as a poor proposition.
protocol	规程，协议	The hospital follows a strict protocol for visitors.
proton	质子	A proton carries a positive charge.
psychiatric	精神病学的	She was admitted to a psychiatric hospital for treatment.
psychologist	心理学家	She visits a psychologist every week to talk.
psychology	心理学	She studied psychology to better understand human behavior.
publish	出版	The author will publish her next novel this year.
pulse	脉搏	The nurse checked his pulse before taking his temperature.
punch	拳打，潘趣酒	He threw a quick punch that knocked out his opponent.
punish	惩罚	The teacher decided to punish the students for cheating.
punishment	惩罚	The judge gave him a harsh punishment for the crime.
purely	纯粹地	We met purely by chance at the station.
puzzle	拼图，谜题	The children spent hours solving the jigsaw puzzle.
qualitative	定性的	The study used qualitative interviews rather than surveys.
quantitative	定量的	The report includes quantitative data on sales.
quantum	量子	A quantum is the smallest amount of energy a particle can carry.
questionnaire	问卷	Please fill out this short questionnaire about our service.
quiz	测验，问答比赛	We took a quiz on English grammar this morning.
quotation	引用，引文	She opened her essay with a famous quotation from Einstein.
rack	架子	He hung his towel on the rack by the shower.
radar	雷达	The pilot watched the radar for signs of the storm.
radiation	辐射	Workers wore suits to protect against radiation.
radius	半径	The radius of this circle is five centimeters.
rainfall	降雨量	The region gets heavy rainfall in the summer months.
randomize	随机化	The app randomizes the questions for each student.
randomly	随机地	The winners were chosen randomly from the list.
rational	理性的	We need a rational explanation for these strange results.
rationality	理性	He questioned the rationality of the sudden decision.
ray	光线	A ray of sunlight came through the window.
reactive	反应性的	This metal is highly reactive with water.
reactor	反应堆	The nuclear reactor was shut down for repairs.
readily	欣然地，容易地	He readily agreed to help with the fundraiser.
realism	现实主义，写实主义	The novel is admired for its gritty realism.
realistic	现实的	You need to be realistic about your chances of winning.
realm	领域，王国	That idea belongs to the realm of science fiction.
receptor	受体	A receptor on the cell catches the hormone.
recipe	食谱	My grandmother gave me her secret recipe for apple pie.
reconstruct	重建	Workers reconstructed the bridge after the flood.
regime	政权，养生法	The new regime introduced strict laws for all citizens.
regression	退化，回归	The illness caused a regression in his speech.
rehabilitation	康复	After the accident he needed months of rehabilitation.
reinforce	加强，强化	Steel bars reinforce the concrete walls of the building.
rejection	拒绝	She received a rejection letter from the university.
reliability	可靠性	Customers praised the reliability of the old model.
render	使成为，提供	The injury rendered him unable to walk for weeks.
repertoire	曲目，全部技能	The pianist has a huge repertoire of classical pieces.
replacement	替代品，替换	We need to find a replacement for our injured player.
replicate	复制，重复	Other scientists could not replicate the experiment.
replication	复制	The replication of the study gave the same result.
reproduce	繁殖，复制	Rabbits reproduce much faster than most other mammals.
reproduction	繁殖，复制品	The class learned about plant reproduction.
republic	共和国	France became a republic after the revolution.
resemble	像	The twins resemble each other so closely people mix them up.
reservoir	水库	The city gets its water from a large reservoir.
residual	残留的	There is still some residual damage from the flood.
residue	残留物	A sticky residue was left on the counter after cleaning.
resistant	有抵抗力的	This paint is resistant to water and heat.
respiratory	呼吸的	Smoking can cause serious respiratory problems over time.
retrieve	取回，检索	The dog ran to retrieve the ball from the lake.
revolutionary	革命性的	The new vaccine was a revolutionary breakthrough in medicine.
rewrite	重写	The editor asked her to rewrite the whole chapter.
rhetoric	修辞，花言巧语	Voters grew tired of empty political rhetoric.
rhythm	节奏	The dancers moved perfectly with the rhythm of the song.
ridiculous	荒谬的	It's ridiculous to expect us to finish this today.
ritual	仪式，惯例	Brushing her teeth every night became a comforting ritual.
robot	机器人	The factory uses a robot to assemble car parts.
rope	绳子	He tied the boat to the dock with a rope.
rotate	旋转，轮换	The earth rotates once every twenty four hours.
rotation	旋转，轮换	The rotation of the earth gives us day and night.
rub	摩擦，揉搓	She began to rub the lotion gently into her hands.
ruler	尺子，统治者	I used a ruler to draw a straight line.
scatter	散开	The wind scattered the leaves across the yard.
scenario	情景，方案	The team prepared for the worst case scenario.
scholarship	奖学金	She won a scholarship to study medicine abroad.
scripture	经文，圣经	The priest read a short passage from scripture.
scroll	卷轴	The museum displayed an ancient scroll behind thick glass.
secrete	分泌	The gland secretes a clear liquid.
sediment	沉积物	Sediment settled at the bottom of the bottle.
selective	有选择性的	The school is very selective about new students.
semantic	语义的	The two words have a small semantic difference.
semester	学期	The new semester begins in early September.
semi	半挂卡车	A semi loaded with fruit blocked the narrow road.
seminar	研讨会	She attended a seminar on effective time management skills.
sensation	感觉，轰动	She felt a strange sensation in her fingers.
sensible	明智的	It would be sensible to save some money each month.
sensitivity	敏感度	The test has high sensitivity and finds small changes.
sensory	感觉的	The test measures sensory reactions to light and sound.
separately	分开地	Please wrap each gift separately before putting them away.
separation	分离	The separation from her family was very difficult.
sexuality	性，性取向	The book discusses gender and sexuality.
shallow	浅的	Children can safely swim in the shallow end of the pool.
shortly	很快	The train will arrive shortly, so please wait here.
shuttle	班车	A free shuttle takes guests to the airport.
similarity	相似性	There is a strong similarity between the two paintings.
simplify	简化	The new app aims to simplify the payment process.
simulate	模拟	The program simulates a real flight.
simulation	模拟	The students trained in a driving simulation.
simultaneously	同时地	The two teams finished the race simultaneously.
sin	罪，罪过	In many religions, lying is considered a sin.
singular	单数的	The word 'cat' is singular, but 'cats' is plural.
sketch	素描，草绘	The artist began to sketch the mountain view outdoors.
skip	跳过，蹦跳	She decided to skip breakfast because she woke up late.
slab	厚板，平板	Workers laid a concrete slab for the new patio.
slash	斜线，猛砍	Type a slash between the two words in the search.
slavery	奴隶制	Slavery was officially abolished in the United States in 1865.
slot	槽口，时间段	Please insert your card into the slot to pay.
snake	蛇	A green snake moved slowly through the grass.
sneeze	喷嚏	He let out a loud sneeze during the meeting.
sniff	嗅，闻	The dog began to sniff the ground near the fence.
socialize	社交，交际	He prefers to socialize with close friends on weekends.
socially	社交上，社会上	He is socially awkward but very kind at heart.
sodium	钠	Too much sodium in food can raise blood pressure.
soluble	可溶的	Sugar is soluble in warm water.
solute	溶质	Sugar is the solute when you stir it into water.
solvent	溶剂	Use a strong solvent to remove the dried paint stain.
sometime	某个时候	We should meet for coffee sometime next week.
sophisticate	老于世故的人	The party was full of city sophisticates in fine clothes.
span	跨越	The bridge spans nearly two kilometers across the river.
spatial	空间的	The test measures a child's spatial reasoning skills.
specialty	专长，特色菜	Grilled seafood is the restaurant's most famous specialty.
specification	规格，规范	The engineer checked the specifications before ordering parts.
specimen	样本，标本	The doctor sent a blood specimen to the laboratory.
spectrum	光谱，范围	The prism splits light into a spectrum of colors.
sperm	精子	A single sperm joins the egg.
sphere	球体，领域	The moon appears as a bright sphere in the sky.
splice	接合，拼接	The engineer had to splice the two cables together.
sponsorship	赞助	The team found a new sponsorship deal with a local bank.
spontaneous	自发的，即兴的	Her spontaneous decision to travel surprised everyone.
spray	喷雾	She used a spray of perfume before leaving the house.
stabilize	稳定	Doctors managed to stabilize the patient after surgery.
stack	堆	He left a stack of papers on the desk.
stadium	体育场	Thousands of fans filled the stadium last night.
stance	立场	The party changed its stance on the new tax.
standardize	标准化	The company wants to standardize its safety rules.
static	静止的，不变的	Prices stayed static for the whole year.
statistical	统计的	The study found a statistical link between the two habits.
statistically	统计上	The difference is statistically small but real.
statistics	统计数据	The report includes statistics on unemployment across the country.
stereotype	刻板印象	The movie relies too much on cultural stereotypes.
stimulus	刺激	Light is a stimulus that makes the plant grow.
straightforward	简单的、直接的	The instructions were straightforward and easy to follow.
strand	一缕、一股	A single strand of hair fell across her face.
strategic	战略性的	The company made a strategic decision to expand overseas.
strictly	严格地	Smoking is strictly forbidden inside the hospital building.
stripe	条纹	The shirt had a bold red stripe down the side.
sub	替补，潜艇	The coach sent in a sub for the injured player.
subjective	主观的	Beauty is subjective and depends on the viewer.
subset	子集	Only a small subset of the students took the test.
substitution	替换，替代	The coach made a substitution in the second half.
substrate	基质，底层	The seeds grow well in a moist substrate.
subtle	微妙的	There was a subtle change in her tone of voice.
subtract	减去	You need to subtract the discount from the total price.
sufficiently	充分地	Make sure the meat is sufficiently cooked before serving it.
suicide	自杀	The clinic offers counseling to prevent suicide among teens.
super	极好的	We had a super time at the amusement park.
superior	优越的，上级的	This brand offers superior quality at a fair price.
supposedly	据说，大概	Supposedly, the old house is haunted by ghosts.
surgeon	外科医生	The surgeon operated on her knee for two hours.
surgical	外科的，手术的	The patient needs a small surgical operation.
surplus	剩余，盈余	The farm had a surplus of apples this year.
susceptible	易受影响的	Young children are susceptible to colds in winter.
sustainable	可持续的	The company invested in sustainable farming practices.
swap	交换	The children swapped stickers during recess.
swell	肿胀，膨胀	Her ankle began to swell after the fall.
sword	剑	The knight carried a heavy sword into battle.
syllable	音节	The word banana has three syllables.
syllabus	教学大纲	The teacher handed out the syllabus on the first day.
symbolic	象征性的	The dove is a symbolic representation of peace.
syndrome	综合症	Doctors diagnosed him with a rare genetic syndrome.
syntactic	句法的	The error is syntactic, not a spelling problem.
syntax	句法	English syntax puts the verb after the subject.
synthesis	综合，合成	Her thesis offers a synthesis of two rival theories.
synthetic	合成的，人造的	The jacket is made from synthetic fibers, not wool.
systematic	系统的	She took a systematic approach to organizing her files.
tech	科技	She works for a small tech company in the city.
technically	技术上	Technically, the store closes at nine, not eight.
temporal	时间的	The story follows a clear temporal order.
tempt	诱惑	The smell of fresh cookies began to tempt him.
tense	紧张的	The room felt tense before the exam results arrived.
terminal	航站楼，终点站	We waited near the terminal for our connecting flight.
terminology	术语	Medical terminology confuses many new students.
terribly	非常，糟糕地	I feel terribly sorry for arriving so late.
textbook	教科书	Open your textbook to page ten.
theorem	定理	We proved the theorem in class today.
theorist	理论家	The economist is a leading theorist on global trade.
thereby	从而，因此	He finished early, thereby earning some free time.
thermal	热的，保暖的	The jacket has a thermal lining for cold days.
thesis	论文	She spent two years writing her doctoral thesis.
thickness	厚度	The wall's thickness helps keep the house cool.
thread	线	She used a needle and thread to fix the torn sleeve.
threshold	门槛，临界点	She paused at the threshold before entering the room.
thumb	拇指	He hurt his thumb while closing the car door.
tolerance	容忍，耐受力	This plant has a high tolerance for dry weather.
ton	吨	The ship carried more than a ton of cargo.
toxic	有毒的	The factory was fined for dumping toxic waste in the river.
tract	大片土地，道	The farmer owns a large tract of fertile land.
traditionally	传统上	Traditionally, the family gathers for dinner every Sunday.
trait	特质	Patience is an important trait for a good teacher.
trajectory	轨迹	The ball followed a high trajectory over the fence.
trans	跨性别的	The club is a safe space for trans students.
transaction	交易	The bank sent a receipt for every transaction.
transcribe	转写，抄录	She had to transcribe the whole interview by hand.
transcription	转录，抄写	The transcription of the interview took two hours.
transformation	转变	The old warehouse underwent a stunning transformation.
translation	翻译	The English translation of the novel took two years.
transmission	传输	The disease spreads through airborne transmission.
transmit	传输、传播	The satellite can transmit data across the entire globe.
transparency	透明，透明度	The company promised more transparency about its costs.
transplant	移植	He is waiting for a heart transplant.
trauma	创伤	The accident left him with lasting emotional trauma.
treaty	条约	The two nations signed a peace treaty after years of war.
tremendous	巨大的，极好的	The charity raised a tremendous amount of money this year.
triangle	三角形	The teacher drew a triangle on the whiteboard.
tribe	部落	The documentary follows a remote tribe in the Amazon.
tricky	棘手的	Parking downtown can be tricky during rush hour.
trivial	微不足道的	They argued over something trivial like whose turn it was.
tropical	热带的	They vacationed on a tropical island last winter.
tumor	肿瘤	Doctors found a small tumor during the scan.
turbulent	动荡的	The country went through a turbulent period after the election.
tutor	家庭教师	She hired a math tutor to help her prepare for exams.
ultimate	最终的、终极的	Winning the championship was his ultimate goal this year.
undergraduate	本科生	She spent four years as an undergraduate studying biology.
undermine	削弱，破坏	Constant criticism undermined her confidence.
underneath	在...下面	The cat was hiding underneath the table during the storm.
unemployed	失业的	Many workers became unemployed after the factory closed down.
unify	统一，联合	The new leader tried to unify the divided political parties.
unintelligible	难以理解的	His voice on the phone was almost unintelligible.
unity	团结，统一	The speech called for unity among the workers.
unstable	不稳定的	The old ladder felt unstable on the wet ground.
uplift	提升，鼓舞	Her kind words seemed to uplift the whole team.
upward	向上的	The company reported an upward trend in sales this quarter.
urine	尿	The nurse tested a sample of his urine.
usage	用法，使用量	Water usage tends to increase significantly during hot summer months.
utility	实用性，公用事业	The company praised the tool's utility for small businesses.
utilize	利用	The team decided to utilize solar panels for the new office.
utterance	话语	Every utterance in the recording was written down.
vague	模糊的	His answer was too vague to give us any real information.
valid	有效的	Your passport must remain valid for six more months.
validity	有效性	The judge questioned the validity of the contract.
valve	阀门	Turn the valve to stop the water.
variability	变化性	The variability of the weather makes planning hard.
variance	差异	There was a small variance between the two results.
variant	变体	This variant of the virus spreads more quickly.
vector	向量，矢量	The arrow on the chart shows the wind vector.
vegetation	植被	Thick vegetation covered the sides of the mountain.
vein	静脉	The nurse found a vein easily to draw his blood.
velocity	速度	The ball left the bat at high velocity.
verbal	口头的	They reached a verbal agreement before signing the contract.
vertical	垂直的	The cliff face rises in a nearly vertical line.
viable	可行的	The plan is only viable if we find more money.
virtue	美德	Patience is considered a virtue in most cultures.
vitamin	维生素	Oranges are an excellent source of vitamin C.
vocabulary	词汇	Reading books helps you learn new vocabulary.
volition	意志，自愿	She left the company of her own volition.
vowel	元音	Every syllable in English usually contains at least one vowel.
watershed	分水岭，转折点	The new drug was a watershed in cancer treatment.
wavelength	波长	Red light has a longer wavelength than blue light.
weave	编织法，织法	The scarf had a tight weave that kept out the cold.
wheat	小麦	Farmers harvested the golden wheat before the autumn rains.
whereby	凭此，据此	They agreed on a plan whereby each side pays half.
whichever	无论哪个	Take whichever seat you prefer near the window.
whoever	无论谁	Whoever finishes first will receive a small prize.
widespread	广泛的	The disease caused widespread panic across the entire region.
wisdom	智慧	Her grandmother is known for her wisdom.
workshop	车间，研讨会	He fixed the bike in his small workshop behind the house.
yeast	酵母	Add yeast to the flour to make the bread rise.