English C1 Words: 912 Words (Advanced)
All 912 English C1 words, each with its meaning and an example sentence: academic and professional vocabulary for demanding contexts. Practice them out loud with your AI language tutor to make them stick.
912 words
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- aboundexist in large numbers
- abstractiona general idea not tied to specifics
- accustomedfamiliar with something through habit
- acidiccontaining acid, sharp or sour
- acousticrelating to sound or hearing
- acousticallyin terms of sound quality
- acousticsthe science of sound, or a room's sound quality
- acrea unit of land area
- acutelyin a sharp or intense way
- adjoinbe next to and connected to
- adjoiningnext to and connected
- adjustableable to be changed or set differently
- adrenalinea hormone that boosts energy in stress
- advantageousgiving a favorable position or benefit
- adversaryan opponent or enemy
- advisorygiving advice or recommendations
- aestheticrelating to beauty or artistic taste
- aestheticallyin a way related to beauty
- agreeablepleasant, or willing to agree
- aimlesswithout a clear purpose or direction
- aimlesslywithout any clear purpose
- alienatemake someone feel isolated or unwelcome
- alignarrange in a straight line, or match up
- alignmentthe arrangement in a line or agreement
- allegeclaim something without proof yet
- alleviatemake suffering or a problem less severe
- altruismunselfish concern for others' welfare
- altruisticshowing selfless concern for others
- amateursomeone doing something without professional training
- amidsurrounded by, in the middle of
- amplificationthe act of making something louder or stronger
- amplyin a way that is more than enough
- anchoredfirmly fixed or secured in place
- animatedlyin a lively, excited manner
- anthropologista scientist who studies human societies
- anthropologythe study of human societies and cultures
- anticlimacticdisappointingly less exciting than expected
- anticssilly or playful behavior
- antiquatedold-fashioned, no longer useful
- antiquitythe ancient past, or great age
- appallshock or horrify someone
- appallingshocking and very bad
- appallinglyin a shockingly bad way
- appliancea device for household use
- apprehensiveanxious about something in the future
- apprenticesomeone learning a trade from a skilled worker
- apprenticeshipa period of training under a skilled worker
- aptsuitable or fitting for the situation
- apt tolikely to do something
- aquaa light blue-green color
- aquariuma tank or building for keeping fish
- artisticallyin a creative, artistic way
- assertiona confident statement of fact or belief
- astrayaway from the correct path or purpose
- atmosphericrelating to the atmosphere, or creating a mood
- avidvery enthusiastic about something
B
- baldlyin a plain, blunt way
- batterhit repeatedly and hard
- battereddamaged from repeated hits or abuse
- beardedhaving a beard
- beforehandbefore a particular event happens
- beguilingcharming in a deceptive way
- beguilinglyin a charmingly deceptive manner
- believablyin a convincing, credible way
- benigngentle and not harmful, or not cancerous
- benignlyin a gentle, kind manner
- bequeathleave property to someone in a will
- billiardsa game played with balls and cues on a table
- blanknessthe state of being empty or expressionless
- blissperfect happiness
- blistera small painful swelling of the skin
- blithelyin a carefree, unconcerned way
- blockbustera very successful film or product
- bouqueta bunch of flowers, or a wine's aroma
- brainwashforce someone to accept certain beliefs
- brainwashingthe process of forcing someone's beliefs to change
- bribegive money to influence someone dishonestly
- briberythe act of offering money to influence someone
- bubblycheerful and full of energy, or fizzy
- bufferreduce the shock or impact of something
- buffoonsomeone who acts foolishly for laughs
- bulkthe main part, or a large mass
- bulk upincrease in size, especially muscle
- bulkylarge and difficult to carry or store
- bureaucraticinvolving excessive official rules and procedures
- bureaucraticallyin a manner following rigid official procedures
- buzzera device that makes a buzzing sound as a signal
- bypassgo around or avoid something
C
- caloriea unit measuring the energy value of food
- candidhonest and direct, without hiding anything
- candidlyin an honest, open way
- canoea small narrow boat moved by paddling
- carpentersomeone who builds things from wood
- carpentrythe skill or work of building with wood
- carriera person or thing that carries or transmits something
- cavitya hollow space, or a decayed tooth spot
- ceaselessnever stopping, continuous
- ceaselesslywithout stopping, continuously
- cessationthe stopping of an action or process
- chaoticallyin a completely disordered way
- characterizationthe way a character is created and described
- charterhire a vehicle for private use
- chillmake something cold, or relax
- chillycold enough to be uncomfortable
- chiselshape wood or stone with a sharp tool
- chiselledhaving sharply defined, attractive features
- churnmove or stir violently, or produce steadily
- circulatemove around continuously, or spread
- circulationthe movement of something around a system
- citationa quoted reference, or an official summons
- citequote a source as evidence
- clammyunpleasantly damp and sticky
- clana large group of related families
- classystylish and elegant
- claustrophobiaan intense fear of enclosed spaces
- claustrophobicafraid of enclosed spaces, or feeling cramped
- cleanlyin a neat, precise way without mess
- clenchclose tightly, especially teeth or fists
- clevernessthe quality of being intelligent or skillful
- climacticrelating to the most intense, exciting point
- climaxthe most intense or exciting point
- clinicalrelating to medical treatment, or coldly detached
- cloaka loose outer garment, or something concealing
- closenessthe quality of being near or intimate
- clutchhold tightly
- clutteran untidy collection of things
- collaboratework jointly with others
- collaborationthe act of working together on something
- collaborativeinvolving people working together
- collaboratorsomeone who works jointly with another
- commendpraise formally, or recommend
- commendationformal praise or an award for achievement
- commerciallyin relation to trade or making profit
- compelforce someone to do something
- complementarycombining well to enhance each other
- compliancethe act of obeying rules or requirements
- compliantobeying rules or willing to comply
- compliantlyin a way that obeys rules willingly
- complimentarygiven free, or expressing praise
- complyact according to a rule or request
- compriseconsist of, be made up of
- compromisedweakened or made vulnerable
- compulsionan irresistible urge to do something
- contrick someone, especially for money
- concertoa musical piece for a solo instrument and orchestra
- concuragree with an opinion or decision
- conditionaldepending on certain conditions being met
- conditionallysubject to certain conditions
- confideshare a secret with someone trusted
- confinementthe state of being kept in a restricted space
- conformbehave according to expected standards
- conformitybehavior that matches accepted standards
- congregategather together in a group
- conjurebring to mind, or produce as if by magic
- connoisseuran expert judge of taste in a field
- conscientiouscareful and thorough in one's duties
- conscientiouslyin a careful and thorough manner
- conservatorya glass room on a house, or a music school
- conserveprotect and use carefully to avoid waste
- constrainta limitation that restricts action
- consultancya business that gives expert advice
- consultationa meeting to discuss or get advice
- contesteddisputed or argued over
- contextualrelating to the surrounding circumstances
- contextuallyin relation to the surrounding context
- continuitythe state of continuing without interruption
- contractora person or firm hired to do building work
- convictdeclare someone guilty of a crime
- convictiona firm belief, or a guilty verdict
- convolutedextremely complicated and hard to follow
- corpsa military unit, or an organized group
- cost-effectivegiving good value for the money spent
- coupledcombined or linked with something else
- coveragethe reporting of news, or the extent of protection
- cravewant something intensely
- cravingan intense desire for something
- creamysmooth and thick like cream
- credentiala qualification proving one's ability or authority
- credibilitythe quality of being trusted or believed
- credibleable to be believed or trusted
- crediblyin a believable, trustworthy way
- criteriastandards used to judge or decide something
- cruderough and simple, or rudely offensive
- crudelyin a rough or vulgar way
- crumba small fragment of bread or cake
- crumblebreak into small fragments
- customaryusual or traditional in given circumstances
- cynicsomeone who distrusts people's motives
- cynicaldistrustful of people's sincerity or motives
- cynicallyin a distrustful, sneering manner
- cynicisma distrustful attitude toward people's motives
D
- damplyin a slightly wet way
- darkrooma dark room for developing photographs
- dauntmake someone feel discouraged or intimidated
- dauntingintimidating and difficult to face
- daydreama pleasant fantasy while awake
- debuta first public appearance or performance
- deceitthe act of deceiving someone
- degradationthe process of being made worse or lower
- degradereduce the quality or dignity of
- degradingcausing loss of dignity or respect
- demisedeath, or the end of something
- demoa demonstration, or sample recording
- demographicrelating to the structure of populations
- demographicallyin terms of population characteristics
- demographythe study of population statistics
- demolitionthe act of destroying a building
- depictshow or represent in a picture or words
- depictiona representation in a picture or words
- deprivationthe lack of something considered a necessity
- descentthe act of moving downward, or ancestry
- desertionthe act of abandoning someone or duty
- detestdislike someone or something intensely
- detestabledeserving intense dislike
- detrimentharm or damage caused
- detrimentalcausing harm or damage
- detrimentallyin a harmful or damaging way
- detrituswaste or debris left behind
- devoteesomeone strongly enthusiastic about something
- digitalizationthe conversion of something into digital form
- digitalizeconvert into digital form
- discardget rid of something no longer wanted
- discoursewritten or spoken communication on a topic
- disdaina feeling that someone is not worthy of respect
- disillusionmentloss of belief in something once admired
- dislodgeforce something out of its position
- dismaldepressingly bad or gloomy
- dismallyin a depressingly bad way
- dismaycause someone to feel disappointed or alarmed
- dispensarya place where medicine is given out
- dispensedistribute or provide something
- disquietingcausing anxiety or unease
- dissectcut apart for examination, or analyze closely
- dissectionthe act of cutting apart for study
- ditherhesitate and be unable to decide
- divergeseparate and go in different directions
- divergencethe process of separating or differing
- divergentdiffering from each other or from a standard
- diversitya range of different types or people
- docileeasy to control or teach, submissive
- docilelyin an easily controlled, submissive manner
- domesticallywithin one's own country, or at home
- domesticatetame an animal or plant for human use
- domesticationthe process of taming animals or plants
- dominantmost powerful, influential, or common
- dominantlyin a way that is most powerful or common
- dominationcontrol or power over others
- dramatista writer of plays
- drawbacka disadvantage or negative aspect
- durablelong lasting and hard wearing
- durationthe length of time something lasts
- dutifulcarefully doing what duty requires
- dutifullyin a way that does one's duty
- dynamicallyin an energetic or constantly changing way
E
- eccentricunconventional and slightly strange
- eccentricallyin a strange, unconventional way
- eclecticmade up of many different styles
- eclecticallyusing a wide mix of styles
- ecstaticallywith overwhelming joy or excitement
- effortlessdone easily, without apparent effort
- egoa person's sense of self importance
- elaboratevery detailed and complicated
- elaborationthe act of adding more detail
- elasticstretchy material used in clothing
- elevateto raise to a higher position
- elevationheight above sea level
- elitista person who favors a privileged few
- elongateto make something longer
- eludeto escape from or avoid cleverly
- elusivehard to find, catch, or achieve
- embarkto start a journey or venture
- endorsementpublic support or approval for something
- engrossto completely occupy someone's attention
- engrossingfascinating and fully absorbing
- enormouslyto a very great extent
- enterprisingshowing initiative and resourcefulness
- enviableso good that others envy it
- envisageto imagine as a future possibility
- estimationa rough calculation or judgment
- ethicalrelating to moral right and wrong
- ethicallyin a way that is morally right
- evoketo bring a feeling or memory to mind
- ewean adult female sheep
- exertto apply force, effort, or influence
- exhibitionista person who shows off for attention
- exhilarateto make someone feel thrilled
- exhilaratingcausing intense excitement and joy
- exhilarationa feeling of great excitement
- exodusa mass departure of people
- exoticallyin a strikingly foreign or unusual way
- expediteto make a process happen faster
- expireto come to an end or stop being valid
- explanatoryserving to explain something
- exploitationunfair use of someone for gain
- explosivelyin a sudden, violent manner
- exteriorthe outer surface of something
- extortiongetting something through threats or force
- extravaganceexcessive and wasteful spending
- exuberanceoverflowing energy and enthusiasm
- exuberantfull of energy and enthusiasm
- exuberantlyin an enthusiastic, energetic way
F
- fabulouslyextremely or marvelously
- facialrelating to the face
- facilitationthe act of making something easier
- factiona small group within a larger one
- fanatica person with extreme enthusiasm
- fanaticallywith extreme, obsessive enthusiasm
- fancifulimaginative but not realistic
- farcea ridiculous and absurd situation
- fatalitya death from an accident or disaster
- fatigueextreme physical or mental tiredness
- favorablyin a positive or approving way
- ferocioussavagely fierce or violent
- ferociouslyin a fierce, violent manner
- fiddleto touch something restlessly with the hands
- fiddlera person who plays the violin
- fiddlyawkward and difficult to handle
- fienda very wicked person or fanatic
- fiendishextremely cruel or cunning
- fiendishlyextremely, in a cunning way
- fiercelyin an intense, aggressive way
- firewalla system that blocks unauthorized network access
- fissurea long narrow crack or opening
- fixturea permanently fitted item, or scheduled match
- flashbacka scene showing an earlier time
- flaska small container for carrying liquid
- flatterto praise someone excessively or insincerely
- flatteryexcessive, insincere praise
- flickto make a quick, light movement
- flickera brief, unsteady light or feeling
- flourisha bold, dramatic gesture or decoration
- folktalea traditional story passed down orally
- forensicrelating to scientific crime investigation
- forfeitto lose something as a penalty
- formalitya formal procedure required by custom
- formulateto create or devise something carefully
- fossilpreserved remains of an ancient organism
- fractiona small part of a whole
- fragmentationthe process of breaking into pieces
- frostilyin an unfriendly, cold manner
- frostyvery cold, or unfriendly in manner
- fuseto join together, often by melting
- fusionthe joining of different things into one
G
- gadgeta small useful electronic device
- gamelybravely despite difficulty or fear
- gapeto stare open mouthed in surprise
- gema precious stone, or a wonderful find
- genomethe complete genetic material of an organism
- geologicalrelating to the earth's rocks and structure
- geologicallyin terms of earth's rocks and structure
- ghostlyresembling a ghost; eerie
- giga live music show, or short term job
- gleanto gather information bit by bit
- glumlooking sad and gloomy
- glumlyin a gloomy, dejected manner
- gnawto bite or chew persistently
- goosea large web footed water bird
- gourmetrelating to high quality, fine food
- graftto join plant tissue, or work hard
- grapefruita large tart citrus fruit
- groundsreasons for an action, or land nearby
- gruellingextremely tiring and demanding
- gruesomecausing horror or disgust
- gruesomelyin a horrifying, gruesome way
- grumbleto complain in a low, discontented way
- gushto flow out suddenly in large amounts
- gushingexpressing excessive enthusiasm
- gushinglywith excessive enthusiasm or emotion
- gustogreat enthusiasm and energy
- gutsyshowing courage and determination
- gypsya member of a traveling ethnic group
H
- hackto gain unauthorized access to a computer
- haggleto negotiate persistently over a price
- harassto subject someone to constant aggressive pressure
- harassmentaggressive pressure or intimidation
- headstrongstubbornly determined to have one's way
- hedgehoga small spiny nocturnal mammal
- heifera young female cow without a calf
- heightento increase or intensify something
- hencefor this reason; therefore
- heroinea woman admired for courage or nobility
- hibernateto sleep through winter in a dormant state
- hibernationa dormant winter sleep of animals
- homelycomfortable and cozy, like home
- honkto sound a horn loudly
- hostessa woman who welcomes and entertains guests
- hostileunfriendly and antagonistic
- hostilityunfriendly, antagonistic feeling or behavior
- hypocrisypretending to hold standards you do not
- hypocritea person who acts against stated beliefs
- hypocriticalacting against one's stated beliefs
- hypocriticallyin a way that contradicts stated beliefs
I
- immenseextremely large or great
- immenselyto a very great extent
- immortalizeto make something remembered forever
- impa small mischievous creature or child
- impedeto delay or block progress
- impedimentan obstacle or hindrance
- impersonallacking warmth or personal feeling
- impersonallyin a way lacking personal feeling
- impersonateto pretend to be another person
- impersonationan act of pretending to be someone else
- impersonatora person who imitates someone else
- imperviousnot affected or influenced by something
- impishmischievous in a playful way
- impishlyin a playfully mischievous way
- implicateto show someone is involved in wrongdoing
- impoverishedreduced to poverty; very poor
- incisiona surgical cut made into the body
- incisora sharp front tooth for cutting
- inclusionthe act of including someone or something
- inclusiveincluding everyone, excluding no group
- inclusivelyin a way that includes everyone
- indefinitewithout fixed limits or a clear end
- indefinitelyfor an unlimited or unspecified time
- individualitythe qualities that make someone unique
- inductto formally admit someone into a group
- inductiona formal introduction into a role
- inexcusabletoo bad to be justified or forgiven
- inexcusablyin a way that cannot be forgiven
- inexhaustiblenever running out; unlimited
- inexplicableimpossible to explain or understand
- inexplicablyin a way that cannot be explained
- ingeniouscleverly inventive and original
- ingenuitythe quality of being cleverly inventive
- inherentexisting as a natural part of something
- inherentlyin a way that is naturally essential
- inheritancemoney or property left after someone's death
- injusticeunfair treatment; a lack of fairness
- innovateto introduce new ideas or methods
- insecurelacking confidence, or not safe
- insecurelyin a way that lacks firmness or confidence
- insensitivenot caring about others' feelings
- insensitivelywithout regard for others' feelings
- insightfulshowing deep understanding or perception
- insightfullywith deep understanding or perception
- instinctivebased on natural impulse, not thought
- instinctivelyaccording to natural impulse, not thought
- insubordinatedefiant of authority; disobedient
- insubordinatelyin a defiant, disobedient manner
- insubordinationdefiance of authority; disobedience
- integralnecessary to make something complete
- intellectthe capacity for rational thought
- interjectto interrupt a conversation with a remark
- interjectionan abrupt exclamation inserted into speech
- intuitto know something by instinct
- intuitionthe ability to understand something instinctively
- intuitivebased on instinct; easy to understand
- intuitivelyin a way based on instinct
- invoicea bill listing goods and payment owed
- iratefeeling or showing great anger
- iratelyin an angry, furious manner
- ironya contrast between what is expected and what happens
- isolateto set apart from others; separate
- isolatedfar from other places or people
- itinerarya planned route or schedule for travel
J
- jerseya knitted shirt, especially for sport
- jurisdictionofficial legal authority over an area
- justlyin a fair or deserved manner
- juvenilea young person, not yet an adult
K
- knowledgeablewell informed about a subject
L
- lacklusterlacking energy or brilliance; dull
- lapsea brief failure, slip, or gap
- latentexisting but not yet developed
- lavatorya room containing a toilet
- legacysomething handed down from the past
- lethargiclacking energy; sluggish
- lethargicallyin a sluggish, low energy manner
- lethargya lack of energy and enthusiasm
- liaisoncommunication between two groups or people
- likelihoodthe chance that something will happen
- limitlesswithout limits; boundless
- lineararranged in a straight line or sequence
- linearlyin a straight line or sequence
- loomto appear as a large, threatening shape
- ludicrousabsurd; obviously unreasonable
- ludicrouslyin an absurd, ridiculous manner
- lusta strong desire, often sexual
M
- macabredisturbing because it involves death
- magnetichaving the pull of a magnet; strongly attractive
- magneticallyby magnetism; in an irresistible way
- magnetismmagnetic force, or personal charm
- malfunctionto fail to work normally
- maneuverto move skillfully into position
- manicurea cosmetic treatment for fingernails
- manipulationunfair or skillful control of someone
- marginalminor or small in importance
- marginallyto a small degree; slightly
- mark-upthe amount added to a cost price
- marvelto feel great wonder or amazement
- maternalrelating to a mother; motherly
- maternalisticoverprotective in a motherly way
- meaninglesshaving no meaning or purpose
- meaninglesslyin a way that has no meaning
- mechanisma system of parts working together
- methodicaldone in a careful, systematic way
- midwifea person trained to assist childbirth
- mingleto mix socially with other people
- minutiaesmall, precise, or trivial details
- misplaceput something in the wrong place
- monotonousdull and repetitive, lacking variety
- monotonouslyin a dull, repetitive manner
- monotonya tiresome lack of variety
- motleymade up of very different, mismatched types
- mountaineera person who climbs mountains
- munchto chew food steadily, often noisily
- muscularhaving strong, well-developed muscles
- mutuallyin a way shared by both sides
- mythologicalrelating to myths
- mythologya collection of traditional myths
N
- naivelacking experience or judgment, too trusting
- naivelyin an overly trusting, inexperienced way
- naivetylack of experience, innocent trust
- naturalnessthe quality of being natural, unforced
- neglectfulfailing to give proper care or attention
- negligentcareless, failing to take proper care
- negligentlyin a careless, neglectful way
- negligibletoo small to be significant
- neutralizationthe act of making something ineffective
- neutralizeto make something ineffective or neutral
- nichea specialized position or market segment
- nocturnalactive at night
- nondescriptlacking distinctive features, unremarkable
- normsaccepted standards of behavior
- notableworthy of attention, remarkable
- notwithstandingin spite of, despite
- numbunable to feel, lacking sensation
O
- obligeto require someone to do something
- obscureto make unclear or hide from view
- obscurelyin an unclear or little known way
- occupanta person who lives in or uses a place
- occupationalrelating to a job or profession
- odditya strange or unusual thing
- offspringa person's child or an animal's young
- orchardland planted with fruit trees
- ordinarilynormally, in most cases
- organizationalrelating to how an organization is run
- ornamentaldecorative rather than practical
- ottera semi-aquatic, fish-eating mammal
- outsetthe beginning of something
- overallsa loose one-piece garment worn over clothes
- overdraftmoney owed after withdrawing beyond an account balance
- overseeto supervise a process or activity
- overseera person who supervises others
P
- panoramaa wide, unbroken view of an area
- panoramicoffering a wide, unbroken view
- parasitean organism that lives off another organism
- paternalrelating to a father, fatherly
- paternalisticcontrolling others under the guise of care
- pathosa quality evoking pity or sadness
- paywalla system requiring payment for content access
- peacocka large bird with a colorful fanning tail
- peasanta poor farmer or farm laborer
- pedicurea cosmetic treatment for feet and toenails
- penduloushanging loosely and swinging
- penduluma weight that swings freely on a fixed point
- peninsulaland almost surrounded by water
- perceptivequick to notice or understand things
- perceptivelywith sharp insight or understanding
- perpetuateto cause something to continue
- persecuteto treat cruelly for beliefs or identity
- persecutioncruel treatment for beliefs or identity
- personalizationmaking something suited to an individual
- personalizeto design something for a particular person
- persuasivelyin a convincing way
- pertain toto relate or be relevant to
- pertinentrelevant to the matter at hand
- phenomenalextraordinary, remarkable
- phenomenallyto an extraordinary degree
- physicalitythe physical, bodily qualities of someone
- physiquethe shape and size of a person's body
- pigeona common gray city bird
- pinnaclethe highest point of achievement
- pioneerto be first to develop something
- placidcalm and peaceful, not easily disturbed
- placidlyin a calm, undisturbed way
- plaquea flat inscribed commemorative plate
- plastera paste applied to walls or ceilings
- plausibilitythe quality of seeming reasonable or true
- plausibleseeming reasonable or believable
- plausiblyin a believable, reasonable way
- pleasurablegiving pleasure, enjoyable
- ploya cunning trick to gain advantage
- plumbingthe pipes and fixtures carrying water
- plummetto fall suddenly and steeply
- plungeto jump or fall suddenly
- poetessa female poet, an older term
- poisea calm, graceful, confident manner
- popularizationthe process of making something widely known
- portableable to be easily carried
- portrayto depict or represent in a certain way
- portrayala depiction of someone or something
- possessora person who owns or holds something
- posturethe way someone holds their body
- pounceto spring suddenly to seize something
- preachto give a religious or moral talk
- preachera person who gives religious sermons
- precisionexactness and accuracy
- predecessora person who held a role before another
- premierfirst in importance, leading
- premisea basic assumption underlying an argument
- premisesa building and its surrounding land
- primitivelyin a simple, undeveloped way
- principallymainly, for the most part
- privilegedhaving special rights or advantages
- professto claim or declare openly
- professionalismthe skill and conduct of a trained professional
- profoundvery deep, intense, or insightful
- profoundlyvery greatly, deeply
- prohibitiveso high it prevents something
- prohibitivelyto a degree that prevents action
- proliferateto increase rapidly in number
- prolificproducing a large amount, very productive
- prolificallyin a highly productive way
- propto support something by leaning it
- propheta person believed to speak for God
- propheticaccurately predicting future events
- prospectiveexpected or likely to become something
- protagonistthe main character in a story
- provisionssupplies of food and necessities
- provocativeintended to provoke a strong reaction
- provocativelyin a way meant to provoke
- provoketo cause a strong reaction
- prowlto move around stealthily, hunting
- psychethe human mind or soul
- psychiatricrelating to mental illness treatment
- psychiatrista doctor who treats mental illness
- puritythe state of being free from contamination
Q
R
- radiatora device that heats a room or cools an engine
- rapporta close, understanding relationship
- raritysomething rare, or being uncommon
- raunchilyin a crude, sexually explicit way
- raunchycrude and sexually explicit
- readableeasy or enjoyable to read
- realismdepicting things as they truly are
- realista person who accepts things as they truly are
- reapto gather a crop, or gain a benefit
- reassurancewords that remove doubt or fear
- reassureto remove someone's doubts or fears
- recessa temporary break from work or school
- recessiverelating to a gene masked by a dominant one
- rechargeto restore power, or regain energy by resting
- recognizableable to be identified
- recognizablyin a noticeably identifiable way
- rediscoverto find or experience something again
- reenactto act out a past event again
- refreshingpleasantly new, or reviving
- refreshinglyin a pleasantly different, reviving way
- refurbishto clean, repair, and improve something old
- refurbishmentthe process of repairing and improving something
- relapseto fall back into a previous bad state
- relinquishto give up a right or possession
- reluctantlyin an unwilling, hesitant manner
- remedialintended to correct a problem or deficiency
- reminisceto talk about pleasant past events
- reminiscentreminding one of something else
- remorsedeep regret for a wrong done
- remorsefullywith deep regret for wrongdoing
- remorselessshowing no regret, merciless
- remorselesslyin a relentless, merciless way
- remotelyfrom a distance, or slightly
- removeddistant or separate in feeling
- renderto cause something to become a certain state
- renderinga version or artistic representation of something
- renownfame for achievement
- repelto drive back, or cause disgust
- repellanta substance that repels something
- repertorya stock of regularly performed works
- reputeto be generally considered or regarded as
- resentto feel bitter about something unfair
- resiliencethe ability to recover quickly from difficulty
- resilientable to recover quickly from difficulty
- resina sticky substance from trees or plastic
- resonateto have deep meaning, or echo with sound
- respitea short period of rest or relief
- restorationreturning something to its original condition
- restorativehaving the power to restore health
- retentionthe ability to keep or hold onto something
- retraceto go back over a path again
- revealingshowing information that was hidden
- revereto feel deep respect for someone
- rivetingcompletely engrossing or fascinating
- robuststrong, sturdy, and healthy
- robustlyin a strong, vigorous way
- rotateto turn around a fixed point
- roundupa summary, or a gathering together
- rudimentarybasic, elementary, not fully developed
- rudimentsthe basic principles of a subject
- rumbleto make a deep, continuous rolling sound
- rustleto make a soft, dry rustling sound
- ruthlesshaving no pity, cruel
- ruthlessnessthe quality of being harsh, without pity
S
- sacrificegiving up something valuable for a greater purpose
- salivateto produce saliva, especially anticipating food
- saloona bar, especially in the old West
- salvageto save something from being lost or damaged
- salvationbeing saved from harm or ruin
- salvea soothing ointment for wounds
- sanctitythe quality of being sacred
- sapthe fluid circulating inside a plant
- sarcasmmocking speech meaning the opposite of the words
- sarcasticusing mocking, ironic remarks
- sarcasticallyin a mocking, ironic way
- saunaa heated room used for relaxation
- scathingseverely critical, harshly mocking
- scenarioa description of a possible sequence of events
- scoffto speak of something with contempt
- scornstrong contempt or disdain
- scornfulshowing contempt or disdain
- scornfullywith contempt or disdain
- screenplaythe written script for a film
- screenwritera person who writes film or TV scripts
- scrutinizeto examine something closely and carefully
- scrutinyclose and careful examination
- sedateto calm someone with a sedative drug
- sedatelyin a calm, unhurried manner
- sedentaryinvolving little exercise, mostly sitting
- seedlinga young plant grown from a seed
- self-consciousoverly aware of oneself, easily embarrassed
- self-wortha sense of one's own value
- sentientable to perceive or feel things
- sentimenta feeling or opinion
- sentimentalshowing tender feelings, nostalgic
- sentimentallyin a tender, nostalgic way
- sequela follow up to an earlier work
- setteea long upholstered seat, a sofa
- shamblesa state of total disorder
- shortlistto put on a final list of candidates
- showyattracting attention through flashiness
- silhouettea dark outline against a lighter background
- simplicitythe quality of being simple
- sketchbooka book of blank pages for drawing
- slackto fail to work hard, be lazy
- slacklyin a loose, careless manner
- sloba lazy, untidy person
- smugexcessively pleased with oneself
- smuglyin a self-satisfied way
- snaila slow-moving mollusk with a shell
- snoozeto sleep lightly, take a short nap
- socializationthe process of learning to interact with others
- somberdark, serious, and gloomy
- somberlyin a dark, gloomy way
- somersaulta full body roll, forward or backward
- spacioushaving a lot of space, roomy
- spartanextremely plain and without comfort
- specificationa detailed description of requirements
- specimena sample used for testing or study
- speculateto guess without complete evidence
- speculationa guess made without firm evidence
- speculativebased on guessing, not certain facts
- sponsorshipfinancial support for an event or person
- spontaneousdone without planning, natural
- spontaneouslywithout planning, naturally
- sprawlan untidy spreading over a wide area
- sproutto begin to grow
- squanderto waste money or time carelessly
- staccatomade of short, sharp, separate sounds
- staggeringshocking because of great size or degree
- staminathe energy to keep doing something hard
- staplea basic, essential item or food
- startlingvery surprising, causing shock
- startlinglyin a very surprising way
- statelydignified, impressive, and grand
- stiffento become or make rigid
- stimulithings that cause a reaction or response
- stoketo feed a fire or intensify a feeling
- strapa strip used to fasten or carry something
- strappingbig, strong, and healthy looking
- strayto wander away from where you should be
- stressfullyin a way that causes stress
- stretchingexercise that extends and loosens muscles
- structuralrelating to the structure of something
- structurallyin terms of structure
- stuffilyin a formal, old fashioned, humorless way
- stuffinesslack of fresh air; excessive formality
- stuffybadly ventilated; overly formal
- stylisticrelating to style, especially in art
- stylisticallyin terms of style
- subordinatea person with less authority than another
- substantiallyto a large or significant extent
- subtlyin a way that is not obvious
- suburbanrelating to a residential area near a city
- suburbiasuburbs considered as a whole
- successiona series of things one after another
- succulenta plant with thick, water storing leaves
- succulentlyin a juicy, delicious way
- sudsfoam or bubbles formed by soap
- sufficeto be enough for a purpose
- suitora man courting a woman; a potential buyer
- superficialexisting only on the surface, not deep
- superficiallyon the surface, not deeply
- supplebending easily, not stiff
- suspensiona temporary stopping of something
- sustainableable to continue without harming the environment
- sustainablyin a way that does not deplete resources
- swapto exchange one thing for another
- symptomaticindicating an underlying, often bad, condition
- synopsisa brief summary of a text or plot
- syntheticmade artificially, not by nature
- syntheticallyin an artificial, man-made way
T
- tactskill in dealing with people sensitively
- tactfulcareful not to upset or offend people
- tactfullyin a sensitive, diplomatic way
- tailora person who makes or adjusts clothes
- tangleto twist together into a confused mass
- tangledtwisted together in a confused way
- tantamountequivalent in effect to something else
- tantruma sudden angry outburst, especially by a child
- tastebuda receptor on the tongue that senses taste
- tautstretched tight; showing tension
- tautlyin a stretched, tense way
- tediouslong, slow, and boring
- tediouslyin a long, boring way
- tediumthe quality of being boring and monotonous
- telltalerevealing something that was meant to be hidden
- temperamenta person's or animal's natural disposition
- temperamentalhaving unpredictable moods or behavior
- temperamentallybecause of one's natural disposition
- terrainthe physical features of an area of land
- testamentclear evidence or proof of a quality
- therebyby that means, as a result
- timidlacking courage or confidence, shy
- tinkerto make small changes casually or experimentally
- tormentto cause someone severe suffering
- torturousextremely painful, unpleasant, or difficult
- toughnessthe quality of being strong and hard to break
- tracta wide area of land; a body system
- trampolinea stretched sheet used for bouncing on
- tranquilcalm and peaceful, free of disturbance
- tranquilitythe state of being calm and peaceful
- transatlanticcrossing or spanning the Atlantic Ocean
- transfixto make someone motionless with fascination
- transitthe act of traveling across or through a place
- traumaa deeply distressing or disturbing experience
- traumaticcausing deep distress or disturbance
- tryingdifficult and testing your patience
- turmoila state of great confusion or disorder
- turn toto go to someone or something for help
- twitchto make a sudden small jerky movement
- tycoona wealthy and powerful business person
U
- unassisteddone without any help
- unconventionalnot following usual customs or methods
- unconvincingnot persuasive, hard to believe
- unconvincinglyin a way that fails to persuade
- undauntednot discouraged by difficulty or danger
- unenviabledifficult or unpleasant, not desirable
- unenviablyin a difficult, not desirable way
- uneventfulwithout anything unusual or exciting happening
- uniformitythe state of being the same throughout
- uninspiringnot exciting, interesting, or motivating
- unisonsimultaneous, matching action or sound
- unmanageableimpossible or very hard to control
- unmannedoperated without a person on board
- unmusicallacking musical ability or pleasant sound
- unmusicallyin a way lacking musical quality
- unoccupiedempty, not being used or lived in
- unplugto disconnect a device from power
- unreliablyin a way that cannot be trusted
- unscathingnot harsh or severely critical
- unsettleto make someone feel anxious or uneasy
- unsettlingcausing feelings of anxiety or unease
- unsustainablenot able to be continued at this level
- unsustainablyin a way that cannot continue long-term
- untangleto remove the tangles from something
- untangledno longer tangled or knotted
- unwaveringsteady and not weakening or changing
- unwaveringlyin a steady, unchanging way
- upheavala sudden, dramatic, and disruptive change
- utensila tool used for household tasks, especially cooking
V
- vegetationplants in general, considered collectively
- venerateto regard someone with great respect
- venerationgreat respect or reverence
- ventilateto supply a space with fresh air
- ventilationthe supply of fresh air to a room
- verandaha roofed platform along the outside of a house
- verdicta formal decision, especially by a jury
- versatileable to adapt to many different uses
- versatilitythe quality of adapting easily to many uses
- verticalupright, at a right angle to the ground
- verveenergy and enthusiasm in doing something
- viciouscruel, violent, or fierce
- viciouslyin a cruel, violent way
- victorioushaving won a battle or contest
- victoriouslyin a triumphant, winning way
- violetof a bluish purple color
- vitalityenergy and liveliness
- voluntarilyby choice, without being forced
- voluntarydone or given by choice, not forced
- voracioushaving a very great appetite for something
- voraciouslywith a very great appetite or eagerness
W
- waresgoods offered for sale
- warycautious about possible danger or problems
- washtuba tub used for washing clothes by hand
- waterfrontan area of land bordering water
- waysidethe side of a road
- whilstwhile, during the time that
- wickedmorally bad or evil
- wickedlyin an evil or mischievous way
- withdrawnquiet, unsociable, and keeping to oneself
- wizenedshriveled or wrinkled with age
- wooto try to win someone's love or support
- woodedcovered with growing trees
- wrangleto argue persistently about something
- wrenchto twist or pull with sudden force
- wrydryly humorous or mocking in a twisted way
- wrylyin a dryly humorous or ironic way
Z
- zanyamusingly unconventional or crazy
Exam equivalence: C1 corresponds to roughly Cambridge C1 Advanced (CAE), IELTS 7.0-8.0, TOEFL 95-120, or TOEIC 945+. Values are approximate and vary by exam session.
Levels come from the CEFR-J Vocabulary Profile v1.5 by Yukio Tono, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies and the Octanove Vocabulary Profile C1/C2 by Octanove Labs, CC BY-SA 4.0 Meanings and example sentences are written by VocaFlare.
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English word lists by level: FAQ
Common questions about CEFR-level vocabulary lists.